Since a powerful computer beat the greatest human chess player many have felt intellectually inferior to machines.
But now a scientific leader has highlighted how even the most sophisticated computer player wobbles for a 'simple' chess problem. Sir Roger Penrose, a professor at the University of Oxford, is creating an institution, the Institute of Penrose, to study the mysteries of the humanmind. The Institute believes that the human brain is superior to the existing machines because it makes use of a complex branch of physics called quantum mechanics. This can not be matched by computersbased on silicon chips.
The controversial theory suggests that this allows the vision of human beings or intuition. However, a new branch of computer science known as quantum computing, one of may day be able to achieve this.Deep blue, a computer programmed by IBM beat Russian Grandmaster Garry Kasparov, the best player in the world at the time, in 1996.Since then, it has been argued that after being beaten by a machine, human intelligence has been gradually into retirement. James Tagg, collaborator of Sir Roger said yesterday: ' we are pushing in that argument. We are saying that it is not the way is ' the problem of chess, pictured, has beaten Fritz, a used by great masters advanced chess computer. If you ask to analyze which player will win, Fritz assumes that black will win, since it has more parts. Although it seems strange, the three black Bishops can come through the promotion of pawns - thatcan be promoted to any piece when they move the final row of the Board. CAN YOU SOLVE THE PUZZLE?
The puzzle appears to be white with an impossible situation. With only four pawns and a King, the player is desperately outnumbered. Based on this information chess computers always assume that black willwin. But a human playing average chess should be able to see that white can manage a draw and even win if you can force black on an error. The team is confused because three black bishops open many possible moves and positions rather than all the computational power in the Earth to calculate. Humans taking the test it is recommended to find a quiet place and pay attention to how your solution arises inhis mind — would feel a Flash of insight, or leave the puzzle and come back to it? The first person that completes the puzzle legally withinthe rules will receive a bonus prize. Scientists will invite people to e-mail their solutions to mailpuzzle@penroseinstitute.com.The solutionwill be announced tomorrow. In fact, white can force a draw - and win even if black makes a mistake, though the machine can only view and sees white as desperate position. This is because there are many possible move combinations for the team to analyze. Mr Tagg said: "most people look at it and instantly understand it. Requires huge amounts of computer calculations and still doesn't understand it ', said theInstitute of Penrose: 'we are acting as human brain compared with computers and I guess the practical implication is increasingly humansand computers work better together.' Mr Tagg recognizes that computer program could be programmed with a rule that allows you to see that the position is actually a draw, but the interesting thing is thatyou can not run out through the number of stop only. WHAT IS THEQUANTUM CONSCIOUSNESS? The theory of quantum consciousnessis a controversial and has been criticized for lack of evidence.
Sir Roger Penrose suggests that the brain functions as a quantum computer. A quantum computer is a computing machine that works through phenomena in quantum mechanics - for example, the ability ofa particle to be in two places at once - to carry out complex calculations. His idea is based on an interpretation of a mathematical theorywhich indicates that some calculations or 'results' not can be tested by a computer algorithm - the chess problem hasalso been set. So ifhuman brains are able to demonstrate these results 'unlikely', then human brains cannot be described as typical equipment. On theother hand, Sir Roger said that the processes of the brain should trust, at some level, about phenomena quantum mechanics. Itsuggests that brain fibers called microtubules in nerve cells could constitute the basic units of quantum computing. Electrons in these fibers could become 'entangled quantum', a State in which both particles retain a connection and affect each other even when they have a separate.
The idea of appeals because neurologists have yet to explain consciousness human through the biology of the brain.Sir Roger hopes to scan the brain waves of those who Excel in their chess puzzle will help you to find
