The discovery could help identify new subtypes of the condition, as well as to explain its causes, the researchers say.
The discovery could also explain why people with autism often haveother medical conditions, including the adult heart and diabetes problems. The genes were identified by the largest ever autism genomesequence group Autism Speaks-funded programme. It is remarkablethat we are still finding new genes autism, much less 18 of them, after a decade of hard work, said Dr. Mathew Pletcher, Vice President ofAutism Speaks, who led the study. 'With each new discovery of gene,we can explain more cases of autism, each with its own set of behavioral effects and many with associated medical problems.' The study included analysis of 5.205 sequences all genetic families affected by autism. To date, scientists have identified 61 genetic variations that affect the risk of autism. Find genes linked to autism might help to deepen our understanding of many different disease effects, said Dr. Pletcher. Disorder of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can cause a rangeof symptoms, including problems with the communication with others and perceive the world. 'the database record is allowing research on the many autisms that make up the spectrum of autism,' said the principal investigator of the study, Dr. Stephen Scherer.It estimated that about one in every 100 people in the United Kingdom have ASD. More boys are diagnosed with what the girls. The scientists studied families with children with varying degrees of autism. They found thatsome of the genes identified were present in people with severe andmild autism. "This reinforces the significant neurodiversity involved inthis complex condition," said Dr. Scherer.' in addition, the depth of the database allowed us to identify the resistant individuals who carry the variations associated with autism genetics without developing autism. The new genes emphasized in the study also are linked to a variety of other medical conditions. This may explain why people with autism often suffer from other medical problems. For example, at leasttwo of the genes associated to autism discovered by scientists were associated with increased risk of seizures. Another has been linked to increased risk of heart defects and another with the adult diabetes. The researchers also found that many of the genes recently identified 18 autism affect chemicals that control the functioning of the brain. The new genes may affect how brain cells develop and communicate between them, the researchers said. 'in total, 80 percent of the 61 gene variations discovered through MSSNG [the study] affect biochemical pathways that have potential as clear as targets for future medicines,' said Dr. Pletcher. Traditional genetic analysis looking for mutations, or 'changes of spelling,' in one per cent of our DNA that explainsour genes. On the contrary, the new database allowed researchers analyze the entire 3 billion pairs of DNA bases that make up each person's genome. They studied also abnormalities in chromosomes, cell shape structures of that package and organizes our genes. In addition,many of the genetic variations rises in areas of the genome that wereconsidered ' DNA garbage.' although this genetic 'dark matter' existsoutside of our genes, scientists now appreciate that it helps you control when and where our genes turn on and off. The precise coordination of genetic activity seems to be particularly crucial to the functionand the development of the brain, the researchers said. The new research was published in the journal Nature Neuroscience.
THE EXPERIMENT
The scientists studied the DNA of more than 5,000 families affected by autism to find genes that contribute to the disorder spectrum. Traditional genetic analysis looking for mutations, or 'changes ofspelling,' in one per cent of our DNA that explains our genes.
On the contrary, the new database allowed researchers analyze the entire 3 billion pairs of DNA bases that make up each person's genome. They studied also abnormalities in chromosomes, cell shape structures of that package and organizes our genes.
In addition, many of the genetic variations turned up in areas of thegenome that until they were considered ' junk DNA. The large studyallowed researchers to locate 18 new genes linked to autism.
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